Clean Water & Sanitation

Tigray’s water supply and sanitation systems have long faced critical challenges due to limited infrastructure and regional instability. Rural areas, in particular, rely on hand-dug wells, hand pumps, and seasonal rainwater harvesting for their daily water needs. Sanitation infrastructure remains underdeveloped, with many communities lacking proper restrooms, bathing spaces, and waste disposal systems. These challenges were further exacerbated by the conflict, which damaged existing facilities and interrupted community-level hygiene practices. While several traditional and low-cost innovations have emerged, implementation remains scattered and inconsistent.